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Clinical trials and studies tell the tale, either things work, or they don’t. Sometimes they work but not quite as well as you’ve been told. If you’re a research nerd, we just made your day, because below is a partial list of trials and studies pertaining to the Powerful supplement. We will add more as soon as we can, as there are a lot.

Cardiovascular health.

Araghi-Niknam M, Hosseini S, Larson D, Rohdewald P, Watson RR.
Pine bark extract Pycnogenol® reduces platelet aggregation. Integ Med 2 (2/3): 73-77, 1999.

Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Rohdewald P, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Griffin M, Ruffini I, Acerbi G, Vinciguerra MG, Bavera P, Di Renzo A, Errichi BM, Cerritelli F.
Prevention of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in long-haul flights with Pycnogenol®.
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 10: 373-377, 2004.

Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Stuard S, Schönlau F, DiRenzo A, Grossi MG, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Cacchio M, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L.
Kidney Flow and Function in Hypertension: Protective Effects of Pycnogenol® in Hypertensive Participants – A Controlled Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 15: 41-46, 2010.

Devaraj S, Vega-López S, Kaul N, Schönlau F, Rohdewald P, Jialal I.
Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipo- protein profile. Lipids 37: 931-934, 2002.

Durackova Z, Trebaticky B, Novotny V, Zitnanova A, Breza J.
Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by Pycnogenol®, extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster in patients suffer- ing from erectile dysfunction – a pilot study. Nutr Res 23: 1189-1198, 2003.

Enseleit F, Sudano I, Wolfrum M, Périat D, Winnik S, Krasniqi N, Matter CM, Neidhart M, Ruschitzka F, Noll G.
Pycnogenol® Improves Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Submitted 2010

Hosseini S, Lee J, Sepulveda RT, Fagan T, Rohdewald P, Watson RR.
A Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol® in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutr Res 21: 67-76, 2001.

Koch R.
Comparative study of Venostasin® and Pycnogenol® in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytother Res 16:1-5, 2002.

Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Wurthwein G, Rohdewald P.
Pycnogenol®, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sciences 74: 855-862, 2004.

Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Takemoto H, Nakamura S, Umemura T, Jitsuiki D, Soga J, Goto C, Chayama K, Yoshizumi M, Higashi Y.
Pycnogenol®, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Hypertens Res 30: 775-780, 2007.

Pütter M, Grotemeyer KHM, Würthwein G, Araghi-Niknam M, Watson RR, Hosseini S, Rohdewald P.
Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by Aspirin and Pycnogenol®. Thromb Res 95: 155-161, 1999.

Stuard S, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ricci A, Dugall M, Cornelli U, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald PJ.
Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med 52(Suppl. 1): 27-32, 2010.

Yang H-M, Liao M-N, Yuan ZS, Liao M-F, Rohdewald P.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol® on the climacteric syndrome in peri-meno- pausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 86: 978-985, 2007.

Zibadi S, Qianli Y, Rohdewald P, Larson DF, Watson RR.
Impact of Pycnogenol® on left ventricular remodeling induced by L-NAME administration. Cardiovasc Toxicol 7:10-18. 2007.

Joint health.

Belcaro G et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol®. The SVOS (San Valentino osteo-arthrosis study). Evaluation of signs, symptoms, physical performance and vascular aspects. Phytother Res 22: 518-523, 2008.

Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P Variations in C-reactive protein, plasma free radicals and fibrinogen values in patients with osteoarthritis treated with Pycnogenol®. Redox Rep 13: 271-276, 2008

Canali R, Comitato R, Schönlau F, Virgili F The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol® in humans involves COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 9: 1145-1149, 2009

Cisar P, Jany R, Waczulikova I, Sumegova K, Muchova J, Vojtassak J, Durackova Z, Lisy M, Rohdewald P Effect of pine bark ex- tract (Pycnogenol®) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother Res 22: 1087-1092, 2008

Farid R et al. Pycnogenol® supplementation reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adults with knee osteo- arthritis. Nutr Res 27: 692-697, 2007.
Grimm T et al. Inhibition of NF-kB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®). J Inflamm 3: 1-15, 2006.

Schäfer A et al. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®). Biomed & Pharmacother 60: 5-9, 2006.

Schäfer A, Chovanova Z, Muchova J et al. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®). Biomed & Pharmacother 60: 5-9, 2006.

Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, Weber M, Burki C, Formann P, Brenden H, Schönlau F, Krutmann J Pycnogenol® Effects on Skin Elasticity and Hydration Coincide with Increased Gene Expressions of Collagen Type I and Hyaluronic Acid Synthase in Women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 25: 86-92, 2012

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